The Dopaminergic Reward System and Leisure Time Exercise Behavior: A Candidate Allele Study

abstract: ... Purpose . Twin studies provide evidence that genetic influences contribute strongly to individual differences in exercise behavior. We hypothesize that part of this heritability is explained by genetic variation in the dopaminergic reward system. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs in DRD1: rs265981, DRD2: rs6275, rs1800497, DRD3: rs6280, DRD4: rs1800955, DBH: rs1611115, rs2519152, and in COMT: rs4680) and three variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs in DRD4 , upstream of DRD5 , and in DAT1 ) were investigated for an association with regular leisure time exercise behavior. Materials and Methods . Data on exercise activities and at least one SNP/VNTR were available for 8,768 individuals aged 7 to 50 years old that were part of the Netherlands Twin Register. Exercise behavior was quantified as weekly metabolic equivalents of task (MET) spent on exercise activities. Mixed models were fitted in SPSS with genetic relatedness as a random effect. Results . None of the genetic variants were associated with exercise behavior ( P > .02), despite sufficient power to detect small effects. Discussion and Conclusions . We did not confirm that allelic variants involved in dopaminergic function play a role in creating individual differences in exercise behavior. A plea is made for large genome-wide association studies to unravel the genetic pathways that affect this health-enhancing behavior.

... any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose . Twin studies provide evidence that genetic influences contribute strongly to individual differences in exercise behavior. We hypothesize that part of this heritability is explained by genetic variation in the dopaminergic reward system. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs in DRD1: rs265981, DRD2: rs6275, rs1800497, DRD3: rs6280, DRD4: rs1800955, DBH: rs1611115, rs2519152, and in COMT: rs4680) and three variable number of

.... For the present study, we selected the latter approach. Eight SNPs (rs265981, rs6275, rs1800497, rs6280, rs1800955, rs1611115, rs2519152, and rs4680) and three VNTRs (a 48-bp VNTR in exon III of DRD4 , a dinucleotide repeat 18.5kb upstream of DRD5 , and a 40-bp VNTR in the 3 UTR of DAT1 ) were chosen based on their known function in the dopaminergic reward system. Dopamine receptors relay signals from one nerve cell to a neighboring nerve cell. At least five subtypes have been identified

... increasing dopamine transmission [ 35 ]. A VNTR 18.5kb upstream of the DRD5 transcription start site consists of a dinucleotide polymorphism with alleles ranging from 130 to 166 base pairs and has been hypothesized to be in strong linkage disequilibrium with one or more functional variants in the DRD5 gene. The 148 allele has been associated with decreased DRD5 expression levels [ 36 ]. Dopamine -hydroxylase (DBH) converts dopamine to norepinephrine and is encoded by the DBH gene. rs1611115 (minor

..., with data of adolescents and children (step by step, one batch of questionnaires at a time). The association analysis was thus run on the joint exercise-variable that was composed of adults' data ( N = 7,349), adolescents' data ( N = 997), and children's data ( N = 422). 2.3. Genotyping and Imputation Genotype data were available from several projects within the NTR. Eight SNPs (rs265981, rs6275, rs1800497, rs6280, rs1800955, rs1611115, rs2519152, and rs4680) and three VNTRs (a 48-bp VNTR in exon

... SNPs was done in MACH 1.0 and subsequent imputation of the missing SNPs was done with Minimach using 1000G as a reference set (March 2012 phase 3 release, all ethnicity panels). After imputation, SNPs were tested for HWE, Mendelian error rate, allele frequency difference with the reference set, and imputation quality ( R ). For two SNPs (rs1611115 and rs1800955), we decided to use the fingerprint data only, since they showed a low R and/or a high rate of Mendelian errors in the imputed set as well

... European origin were excluded. The final sample consisted of 8,768 individuals with both phenotype data and genotype data on at least one variant. For the VNTRs and two SNPs (rs1611115 and rs1800955), data were derived from the fingerprint chip only. For two other SNPs (rs6275 and rs6280), data were derived from the imputed set only. For the remaining SNPs (rs265981, rs1800497, rs2519152, and rs4680), data were derived from the fingerprint chip for about 37% of the individuals and were complemented

... in family composition and the truncation of the phenotype distribution ( R code available upon request). Due to differences in sample sizes and family structures between the fingerprint data only and the (fingerprint data with additional) imputed data, the power was calculated for four genetic variants: (1) the SNP with the smallest sample size (rs1800955, N = 2,152), (2) the SNP with the largest sample size within the five variants that we had fingerprint data for only (rs1611115, N = 3,140), (3

infinome is an experiment to study aging. Link your 23andMe account for personalized reports.

SNP: rs1611115

linkouts : SNPedia

Images from Open Access Papers

Search Results from Open Access Papers